Method of preparing a cementitious composition



106. COMPOSITIONS, COATING ORAPLASTIC. I Patented AI r. 28, 19 25. i "Iii; I it I I.

UNITED STATES, PATENT oFF1cE.;- v I costar n 11hr AMIIEJS, or rnrnennnrnm, rEnnsYLvANrh. I I: .f METHOD orrnnrnnrnc A cnMENTIrIoUs comrosmon.

No Drawing. Application filed lIanuary 29, 1921. Serial No. 441,087.

To all whom it may concern." d I i ciunr- One of the purposes Be it known that I, JOSEPH HAY AMms, a y l i i t i t i citizen of the United States, residing at the neutralizing of the acids contained in. the city of Philadelphia, in the county of the earthy material. Its particular purpose, 60] j j V Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, however, is to so prepare the earthy m t i l.

' have 1 invented a .certain new and useful that the alkaline cement hereinafter men- 4? Method of Preparing a Cementitious Comhoned, Will fully set thereto. It has been position, of which the following 1s a speclfound by first adding the alkaline salts to fi ti 5 J v the water, then adding the soil, then adding 65 In the practice of the present invention the hydroxlde of calcium and then adding the cementitious composition is usually prethe alkaline cement, that better results are pared in a standard concrete mixing maobtained than by mixlng the salts, hydroxide chine, although obviously the composltion and alkaline cement together and then placmay be otherwise mixed. For the sake of, ing them at one time in the water and soil 70 f illustration the following description will within the mixer. The resence of the alkabe restricted to the preparation of the comllne salts and the. hy roxide of calcium position in a mixing machine. It will be serves to promotea full alkaline reaction. understood that the mixing of the ingre- There is now added to the mass part, dients about to be mentioned is continuous. more or less, of an alkaline cement f 75 Sufficient water is placed in the mixing malnstanc land ce wI'hIa mfgm chine to ems finished batch of material the alfiallne cement 1s E0 aid in hardening to be readily oured therefrom. To the the mass and to prevent the same from soft water within the mixer is added part, enlng 1n or by water. In fact, the Portland more or less, of an alkaline salt, readlly Cement W111 cause the mass to harden under 80 soluble in water, as soda ash al soda bica Water;- While the water in the mixing ma bonate ofsoda or the like. ilne of the purehlne serves to prevent the batch from adherm tmlkaline salts isto soften mg to the machine paddles and generally the water. The water thus softened will serves to prevent clogging of the machine more readily penetrate the earthy material mter or, I find that unless the batch is made '30 (hereinafter to be described) to cause dissufficiently thin w th water, it is difficult to integration of the same. To the resultant expel the composit on from the machine. If alkaline mixture is added 5 parts more or the batch 1s sufiiciently thin with water to less, of earthy material. The earthy matereadfly pour'from the machine it will be im-' agitation of the mixing machine the earthy being placed into position, before the initial '2 material is readily disintegrated in water set begins, and it will greatly lessen the set because of the softened condition of the to do so afterwards. On the other hand. water as above described. Non-comminuted owing to the rotary action of the mixer, if 7 soil which is water moistened, thus making the batch is semi-dry it forms into balls and- 95 40 it capable of more ready disintegration in cannot be readily removed from the machine. water, may be employed. While the process Because of its adhesive nature it has a of manufacture would be slower earthy matendency to adhere to the paddles and clog terial which is neither comminuted or water the mixer interior. Further, it is very diifi moistened may be used. No particular cult in this condition to handle it for con- 1 variety of earthy'material is necessary and structive work owingto the fact that it will th il f d t th place where th quickly harden and 1n an uneven manner. cementitious composition is employed may To overcome this disadvantageous feature I be utilized. The earthy material may consist add to the mass within the mixing machine of clay andloam associated with granular just prlor to 1ts removal therefrom k part, 105 matter incapable of disintegration in water, more or less, of ranulated oxide of calci m or it may be earthy material free of such The Slakmg of the oxide of calcium may fie granular matter. In any event, the earthy assisted by the addition of a small quantity material will contain more or less acids. of boilin water before being added to the Another purpose of the alkaline solution is mass wltliln the machine. After the batch 110 to aid in neutralizing such acids To'the has been removed from themachine and bemassis now added part, more or less, of fore the initlal set has begun within the com- I rial ma 1n comminuted form. In the possible to compress the composition after position the oxide of calcium will have taken up a suilicient amount of water contained in the batch and converted the same. The composition is now in a suitable condition to accept compression. If I should use oxide of calcium alone instead of using hydroxide of calcium therewith,the mass becomes too granular and dry and would be very hot. In this condition the alkaline cement will not react.

One of the most serious difiiculties with cementitious compositions is to procure a sufliciently solid compression. If I place my composition in molds or formers, without compression, it becomes very porous when set, and contains many voids. This condition is caused by the evaporation of the unconverted water. The composition in this condition is much less resistant, when set, than when solidly compressed. Moreover, if the composition is exposed, these voids, being filled with water, cause the composition to crack and granulate during freezing temperature. From this it will be seen how very important it is to add the oxide of calcium to the composition. The oxide of calcium will not only take up and convert enough of the water to stiffen the mass but it will expand within the body of the composition to such an extent as to fill the voids with mineral matter, and this enables me to secure a very solid compression of the composition.

I have found that about one part sa d mixed with four parts of the alkaline cement, above mentioned, dampened with water to make a stifl mortar, when added to the mass within the mixer just prior to pouring the batch serves to increase the set of the composition. This step is advisedwhere it is desired to apply the composition in arts demanding increased resistance. The sand becames thickly coated with the damp alkaline cement and adheres thereto and the alkaline cement reacts upon the same with full strength and results in procuring an increased set in association with the soil.

What I claim is:

1. Themethod of preparing a cementitious composition which consists in disintegrating earthy material in water and thereafter adding thereto and mixing therewith hydroxide of calcium, and a cement adapted to harden and set the massand to prevent the same from softening in or by water.

-2. The method of preparing a cementitious composition which consists in disintegrating earth material in water and mixing therewith iydroxide of calcium 'to aid in neutralizing the acids contained in said earthy material and then adding thereto and mixing therewith Portland cement adapted to harden and set the mass and to prevent the same from softening in or by water. t

cement which cement associates with hy-' droxide of calcium to produce a full alkaline reaction.

4. The method of preparing a cement-itious composition which consists in preparing an alkaline mixture by the admixture of water and an alkaline salt, then adding thereto and mixing therewith earthy material to cause disintegration thereof, the said alkaline mixture serving. to neutralize the acids contained in said earthy material then adding thereto and mixing therewith,

hyroxide of calcium, and finally adding to the batch and mixing therewith Portland cement associated with clean sharp sand andv water to procure a full alkaline reaction, the cement, sand and water being mixed together prior to addition to the batch.

5. The method of preparing a cementitious composition which consists in first disintegrating earthy material in water, then adding thereto and mixing therewith Portland cement to harden and set the mass and render the same insoluble in water and finally adding to the mass granulated oxide of calcium in order to prepare the mass to properly accept compression before the ini-' tial set begins.

6. The method of preparing a cementitious composition which consists in taking earthy material in which is associated loam and clay containing granular matter not capable of disintegration in water and mixing therewith water and an alkaline agent to disintegrate the loam and clay and then adding thereto and mixing therewith Port-' land cement to harden the mass and to prevent it from softening in or by water.

7. The method of preparing a cementitious composition which consists in taking part, about of an alkaline salt and mixin the same with enough water to en able t e finished mass to be poured, then adding to the alkaline mixture thus formed, and mixing therewith 3 parts, about of earthy material, then mixing therewith A; part about of hydroxide of calcium, then mixing therewith part, aboutof Portland cement and finally adding to the mass part, about, of granulated oxide of cal-. 0mm.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

- JOSEPH HAY AMIES. 

